Page 64 - PAAT_Journal_V1-2019

PAAT Journal Vol. 1, No. 1, (June 2019)

Background

First and foremost, it is essential to clearly understand the difference between public
administration and public management. Public administration focuses on producing public

policies and coordinating public programs. Public administration is a field of political science
that integrating planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting;

known as POSDCoRB (Gulick, L. & Urwik, L., 1937:13). The government authorizes public
administrators at all levels; local, regional and national, to advise policy makers based on data

and observations of constituent populations and society. Public administrators coordinate civil
servants to formulate public policy and achieve policy objectives. With the fact that different
groups have different and competing desires, it is critical that public administrators have the

skills to mitigate conflicts in policy making.

Figure 2: POSDCoRB
Source: Papers on the Science of Administration (Gulick, L. & Urwick, L., 1937:13)

Public management is a sub-discipline of public administration that involves

conducting managerial activities in public organizations. Public management carries out the
managerial operations of public organizations. Public management is tasked to continuously
improve the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of services delivered by public organizations.

Public management professionals are generally tasked in two different areas, internal and
external management. Internal tasks deal mostly with risk management and change

management within the respective organization. To manage these tasks successfully, societal
conditions are essential for the preparation of risk mitigations. Public management

professionals can therefore take preemptive measures to mitigate risks properly and prepare
their workforce to adapt to the instability those adverse conditions may have on the

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